by Amy Spangler
April 11, 2010

The term “thick-skinned” takes on new meaning when your child has eczema. While no one wants thick, dry, itchy skin on their child’s face, neck, hands, or legs, eczema (unfortunately) is an equal opportunity disease, affecting infants, children, and adults alike. The incidence of eczema (also known as atopic dermatitis) varies widely, but recent data show a definite increase in the prevalence of eczema and other allergic diseases.

Research
Previous studies suggested that breastfeeding might be a strategy for delaying the onset of eczema and reducing the severity of the symptoms in high risk babies (those with a family history of allergic disease). However, Danish researchers recently reported an increased risk of eczema in a group of exclusively breastfed babies of mothers with asthma. A total of 411 babies participated in the two-year, prospective study. Complete data were obtained on 321 of the 411 babies.

Results
Of the 321 babies, 69 were exclusively breastfed for less than 3 months, 203 for 3–6 months, and 49 for more than 6 months. Nearly 40 percent of the 321 babies were diagnosed with eczema—29 percent of those exclusively breastfed for less than 3 months, 37 percent of those exclusively breastfed 3–6 months, and 55 percent of those exclusively breastfed for more than 6 months.

The fact that 40 percent of the babies in the study developed eczema is not surprising, given that only babies at greatest risk for eczema participated in the study. Also, because no definition of “exclusive breastfeeding” was given, it is impossible to know whether study babies were given occasional non-breast milk substitutes. The older the baby, the more likely he or she was given foods other than breast milk, which might explain the increase in the incidence of eczema in older babies compared to younger babies. While previous studies show that certain foods such as eggs, cow’s milk, wheat, and nuts eaten by mothers with a personal or family history of allergy can cause allergic symptoms in their breastfed babies, there is no evidence to support delayed introduction of these foods. Theoretically, there could be something in the milk of some mothers that increases the risk for allergic disease, such as eczema, in some babies. This would explain why eczema was more prevalent in babies who were exclusively breastfed for the longest period of time. However, given the small sample size, more data is needed before any conclusions can be made.

Recommendations
Breastfeed your baby. While the results of this study add to our knowledge of eczema, most experts agree that the proven benefits of breastfeeding outweigh any theoretical risks. The cause of eczema is unknown, but genetics are thought to play a key role, based on the high incidence of eczema in children with a family history of allergic disease.

Treatments are designed to reduce inflammation, relieve itching, and prevent future flare-ups. Over-the-counter (non-prescription) anti-itch medicines, and other soothing measures, may help control mild eczema. For more severe bouts, prescription drugs, such as corticosteroids, may be necessary. Petroleum jelly (such as Vaseline) was once a common remedy for eczema. Even today, ointments are in and creams are out, but Vaseline has been replaced by petrolatum-containing products such as Aquaphor or products containing glycerin, such as Eucerin. The aim of any topical ointment or cream is to moisturize the skin without causing irritation or greasiness. Because some are preferred over others, it is always best to talk with your baby’s doctor before using any medications, including those available by prescription or over-the-counter.